Which of the following might be a major limitation of Pavlov's work according to critics?

Pavlov's work primarily involved classical conditioning experiments conducted on dogs, which has led critics to argue that a significant limitation is its focus on animal behavior. This emphasis on animals means that the findings may not always be directly translatable to human behavior or the complexities of human learning. Critics contend that understanding human cognition, emotions, and social interactions encompasses factors that are not fully represented through studies involving only animal subjects. Consequently, while Pavlov's experiments laid foundational concepts in behavioral psychology, the limitation of focusing solely on animals raises questions about the applicability of his findings to broader contexts, including human education and development.