Which theorist is primarily associated with the cognitive approach to learning?

The theorist primarily associated with the cognitive approach to learning is Carol Dweck. She is best known for her research on motivation and learning, particularly her concepts of "fixed" and "growth" mindsets, which influence how individuals perceive their abilities and the nature of intelligence. Dweck's work emphasizes that cognitive processes, such as beliefs about one's capabilities, play a pivotal role in how learners engage with challenges, develop skills, and achieve success.

In contrast, John Dewey is more focused on experiential learning and the importance of the environment and social interactions in education, rather than strictly cognitive processes. Lev Vygotsky is recognized for his social development theory and the role of social interaction in cognitive development, introducing concepts such as the Zone of Proximal Development. B.F. Skinner is primarily known for behaviorism, which emphasizes observable behaviors and external stimuli, rather than internal cognitive processes. Thus, Dweck's emphasis on mindset and cognitive approach is what positions her as the correct answer in this context.